Cover image

In this issue, Charles et al. (LearnMem a054103.125) report that aversive memories are similarly susceptible to extinction and renewal after both short (1-day) and long (27-day) retention intervals. The graphic depicts a rat that has learned a Pavlovian association between an auditory tone and shock (music note and lightning on left). Following a short or long retention interval (hourglass), responding was extinguished through repeated nonreinforced presentations of the tone (music note). In addition to comparing the dynamics of extinction, Charles et al. also assessed the robustness of renewal (thought bubble) in either the conditioning (Experiment 1) or a neutral context (Experiment 2). In both experiments, robust renewal was observed and was not affected by the original conditioning-to-extinction retention interval. (Cover image partially created using ChatGPT.)