Emotional intensity produces a linear relationship on conditioned learning but an inverted U-shaped effect on episodic memory

24 h corrected recognition memory (high-confidence hits minus high-confidence false alarms). Retroactive enhancement (recognition for CS⁺–CS⁻ > 0 for Pre-Con) was present in LI and trending in NA, but absent in HI group. All groups showed selective enhancement for stimuli encoded during conditioning and extinction. Circle and error bars denote mean and 95% CI from planned comparison. Points denote trial-averaged data of individual participants. (*) P < 0.05, (**) P < 0.01, (***) P < 0.001, (∼) P = 0.086, (n.s.) P < 0.05.