General design. (A) Experimental design. Mice underwent two sleep conditions (SD and NSD), along with three drug administrations (vehicle, zatolmilast, and A-33). All the drugs were administrated immediately after T1 (at the start of SD), and then again 3 h post-T1 (midway during SD). T1 and T2 occurred consecutively at 7 a.m. with SD commencing immediately after T1 at 9 a.m. (B) Object location task (OLT). In T1, one pair out of four objects (see the four pairs on the right) was placed at the midline of the arena. In T2, one object from the same pair was moved to a different, predetermined position based on a location randomization scheme. T1 and T2 had a 24 h interval. (SD) Sleep deprivation, (NSD) non-sleep deprivation, (T1) learning trial, (T2) test trial, (L) left, (R) right.
