Results from Experiment 4 conducted in the laboratory comparing avoidance responses to obtain a response-produced safety signal relative to no signal. (A) Training data depicting avoidance responses to the CSs+ and CSs−. Each block contains three trials. Participants made more responses to the CSs+ across blocks compared to the CSs−. (B) Test data showing avoidance responses to the Gabor that was followed by the trained safety signal versus responses to a Gabor that was followed by no signal. Participants made more responses to the Gabor followed by the trained safety signal than to the Gabor that was followed by no signal. Error bars depict the standard error of the mean.
