
Results from Experiment 1 comparing avoidance responses to obtain a response-produced safety signal relative to no signal. (A) Training data depicting avoidance responses to the CSs+ and CSs−. Each block contains three trials. Participants made more responses to the CSs+ across blocks compared to the CSs−. (B) Test data showing avoidance responses to the Gabor that was followed by the trained safety signal versus responses to a Gabor that was followed by no signal. Participants made more responses to the trained safety signal than no signal. Error bars depict standard error of the mean.










