Examples of study and test trials for each condition for Experiments 1 and 2. At study, participants viewed a pair of items (in the AB, BC, and XY conditions) or a single item (in the X condition) and were instructed to view and memorize the pair or the single item. A, C, and Y items were objects in all three conditions. B and X items were repeated, appearing in two trials each (e.g., AB and BC), and forming a linkage among the indirect AC pairs. The category of B and X items varied according to condition (i.e., objects and scenes in Experiment 1; scenes and faces in Experiment 2). At test, participants viewed three items on each trial and had to make a memory response (i.e., choose the correct association). The top centre item was the cue and the two bottom test items were the two potential associates. One test item was the correct associate and the other was a lure item from the same category. In the Figure, the item on the left is always the correct associate, but position was randomized in the experiment. Experiment 1 included object and scene blocks, and Experiment 2 included scene and face blocks.
