Influence of the first training phase in the differential aversive reversal learning paradigm, revisited. (A) Repetition of two experimental conditions from Figure 8. The larvae were tested after training with reversed contingencies in the first and the second training phase, or after omitting the first training phase. Preference scores (PREF) reflect preference for n-amyl acetate (red cloud). (B) PIs calculated from the preference scores in A. Positive PIs indicate aversive memory related to the second training phase. The PIs after reversed-contingency training were less positive than when the first training phase was omitted, suggesting a small yet significant persisting impact from the first training phase. Sample sizes are given within the figure. * refers to MWU comparisons between groups, # refers to OSS comparisons to chance levels, that is, to zero (*,# P < 0.05 corrected according to Bonferroni-Holm). Other details as in Figures 1–8.
