Stress reduces the incorporation of misinformation into an established memory

Mean endorsement rates for misinformation items (left) and hit rate for control items (right). Overall, hit rates were lower for misinformation items than for control items ([*] P ≤ 0.01) and participants endorsed misinformation more often than lures, thus demonstrating a misinformation effect. Critically, stressed participants endorsed fewer misinformation items than participants of the control group. Data represent means ± SEM.