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Brief Communication
Nitric oxide is involved in appetitive but not aversive olfactory learning in the land mollusk Limax valentianus

Taiki Yabumoto, Fumihito Takanashi, Yutaka Kirino, and Satoshi Watanabe¹

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

The land slug Limax performs both aversive and appetitive olfactory learning, and we investigated neurotransmitters involved in each type of learning. Slugs were conditioned by presenting a vegetable juice (appetitive conditioning) or a mixture of vegetable juice and quinidine (aversive conditioning), and the latency to reach the juice became shorter (appetitive conditioning) or longer (aversive conditioning) after conditioning. L-NAME injected either before conditioning or testing blocked the reduction in latency in appetitive conditioning but had no significant effects in aversive conditioning. 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine had no significant effects in appetitive conditioning. These results suggest different mechanisms for appetitive and aversive learning.

¹ Corresponding author.

E-mail satoshi{at}mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax 81-3-5841-4805.

Article is online at http://www.learnmem.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/lm.936508.

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